Turbine inlet air cooling is a group of technologies and techniques consisting of cooling down the intake air of the gas turbine. A single bank of evaporative cooling media made of corrugated layers of fibrous material, allowing minimal air pressure loss. Steam turbine forced air cooling system, equipment, and steam. The demand for energy worldwide continues to rise faster than generating capacity, and the deregulation of the electric power industry has created demand for. Different methods are available for reducing gas turbine inlet temperature. Inlet air cooling systems improve gas turbine performance. Traditional media based evaporative coolers have been widely used in the gas turbine industry especially in hot arid areas. Steam turbine steam system encyclopedia of life support. The entrained air from adjacent sources is very likely to be warmer than design or ambient conditions and therefore the performance of the acsc is negatively impacted. Evaporative cooling an overview sciencedirect topics. Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. In 1672 an impulse steam turbine driven car was designed by ferdinand verbiest. The steam turbine is classified as a heat engine, as are the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the gas turbine. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages.
Performance characteristics of an aircooled steam condenser incorporating a hybrid drywet dephlegmator johan adam heyns dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree master of engineering at the university of stellenbosch thesis supervisor. A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. In the reason is nessary used an active cooling of the blades. Gas turbine evaporative cooling power technology energy. Indirect dry cooling systems have a two step process. It must also deliver steam safely to the turbine under all conditions. Plate condensers are used mainly for smaller power plants. Steam system operation although the steam pipework is a fixed system with no moving parts it is subject to various transient conditions. Different inlet air cooling systems are usually used with gas turbines. Evaporative cooling increases gas turbine power output with rising energy costs and shortages around the world, the power industry continues to seek innovative solutions to these problems.
Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are. May 07, 2015 the steam turbine forced air cooling system and the method of the forced air cooling of the present invention also can be applied to steam turbines non reheat or double reheat steam turbines. Evaporative cooling increases gas turbine power output munters. Dec 18, 2015 steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging fromsteam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging from small cooling the forced cooling phase is performed the same as if the steam turbine shutdown had been scheduled. A more modern version of this car was produced some time in the late 18th. Evaporative cooling air conditioning systems use the cooling effect of the. Direct evaporative turbine inlet cooling tic provides a costeffective, energyefficient, and environmentally beneficial means to enhance power generation capacity and efficiency of combustiongas turbines during hot weather. Calculation of the choked back pressure for steam turbines. There are two basic systems currently available for inlet cooling. For choked back pressure the steam turbines with accs, few calcu. Steam injection in the combustor increases expanding mass in the gas turbine.
In some cases, those same power plants also produced electricity using nonsteam systems, such as combustion turbines. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. Some vacuum physics of steam condensers for turbines received 26 april 1979 r n bloomer, central electricity generating board, marchwood engineering laboratories, southampton, england vacuum applies to steam turbines because the pressure of saturated vapour above available cooling water is well below 1 bar typically 17 mbar at 15 ambient. Plate types consisting of a series of parallel plates that provide paths for the steam and the cooling water. Steam turbines may be classified into different categories depending on their construction, working pressures, size and many other parameters. Traditional evaporative coolers are described in detail by johnson, 6. Table 32 cost and design point comparison for various types of cooling systems for a 500mwe, coalfired steam power plant3 1 table 33 dimensional data for various types of cooling systems for a 500mwe coal. Extraction condensing steam turbine the extraction turbine. Steam turbines are used in industry for several critical purposes. In 2008, some 30 percent of electricity generation involved oncethrough cooling, 45 percent recirculating cooling, and 2 percent drycooling. Present paper deals with the study for performance evaluation of steam injected gas turbine stig based power plant with inlet evaporative cooling. The devices described by taqi aldin and wilkins are today known as steam jacks. Some vacuum physics of steam condensers for turbines. Note that the feedwater and steam loop is separate from the cooling water loop.
Steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging fromsteam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging from small condensers, cooling towers, and auxiliaries 10. Iii aircooled heat exchangers and cooling towers d. Purushothama, in humidification and ventilation management. Evaporative cooling is a process which takes advantage of the latent heat of evaporation of water to absorb sensible heat from the surrounding air with which it is in contact. This type of condenser is used in applications where the cooling water is the same quality as the steam condensate. It may also improve the energy efficiency of the system. This pushing force is transformed, by a connecting rod and flywheel, into rotational force for work. In the united states, nearly all steam electric plant cooling relies on water as the heat sink. It converts a part of the energy of high temperature and high pressure steam into mechanical energy or shaft work. The first and simple system is evaporative cooling. As cooler is used air combustion turbine or water 11, p.
The steam expands inside turbines, driving the generators that produce electricity. This is the operating principle of all steam turbines, although the arrangements may vary considerably. Or in other words it is a device which is used to condense exhaust steam of the turbine into water. The steam turbine forced air cooling system, its method, and a steam turbine provided with the system may be applied to a steam turbine without the.
Alfa laval works closely with power plant owners and operators to design highly reliable, compact and efficient steam turbine condensation processes using our packaged, custom or modular systems. Gas turbines are convenient, modular and flexible, and are suitable for continuous duty, standby and for peaking duty. Evaporativecooling air conditioning systems use the cooling effect of the. Power plant cooling system overview for researchers and. Combustion turbine inlet cooling using direct evaporative cooling.
Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Water for power plant cooling union of concerned scientists. In this type of steam turbine the rotor spins due to the force, or the direct push of steam on the blades. Cooling towers the development, practice, and performance of evaporative cooling systems or cooling towers have been described in numerous publications including some of those listed in the bibliography. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. Condensation of steam in a closed system, creates an empty place by reduction of volume of the low pressure steam. Punwani 120 110 90 80 70 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 p o w e r o u. Evaporative coolers and foggers fall in the first category. Mar 04, 2020 condensation of steam in a closed system, creates an empty place by reduction of volume of the low pressure steam.
Gas turbine evaporative cooling as the global demand for energy rises, the role that gas turbines play in energy production will be more and more important. Why use direct evaporative cooling for turbine inlets. The operation of steam turbine completely depends on the dynamic action of the steam expanding in. Combustion turbine inlet cooling using direct evaporative. Alfa laval wet surface air coolers wsac are efficient closedloop, evaporative cooling systems for heavyindustry vapor condensation duties. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and benefits which are described here in detail. At the end of the natural cooling phase for the steam turbine, the nozzles provided for connecting dehumidifiers at the admission control valves are opened and the vacuum pumps are switched on. It does so with the help of cooling water circulated into it from the cooling tower. Performance evaluation of steam injected gas turbine based. Evaporative cooling unit bolted to the incoming air face of the filter house. Evaporative cooling towers eliminate the discharge of hot water back into the original cooling water source, by providing essentially a closedcircuit system for the condenser cooling water, as illustrated in figure 5. Steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water.
The main distinction is the manner in which the steam is expanded as it passes through the turbine. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. The bottom module features a sump containing the pump and fill valves. The other benefits of tic include increased steam production in cogeneraan introduction to turbine inlet cooling dharam v.
Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. Pdf performance evaluation of steam injected gas turbine. The other benefits of tic include increased steam production in cogeneration an introduction to turbine inlet cooling dharam v.
Nevertheless modern steam turbines are very efficient and operate with internal efficiencies within the range of 80 percent to 90 percent depending upon the steam conditions. A new form of inlet air cooling called the indirect evaporative cooling system iecs has been investigated in this work. Thesis performance of an aircooled steam condenser. The above examples show a yearly extra electric pro.
Such as utilizing an indirect evaporative cooling system iecs as a new technique of inlet air cooling in gas turbines was investigated by najjar and abubaker 20. The direct consequence of cooling the turbine inlet air is power output augmentation. An analysis of power enhancement of gas turbine power. The basic principle of evaporative cooling is that as water evaporates, it cools the air because of the latent heat of vaporization. Kroger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Pdf indirect evaporative combined inlet air cooling with. All steam turbines can be classified into two categories. Steam turbines were also described by the italian giovanni branca 1629 and john wilkins in england 1648. In the first step, the steam exits the steam turbine into a condenser located directly below the turbine. After leaving the turbines, the steam must be cooled. Evaporative coolers make use of the evaporation of water to reduce the gas turbines inlet air.