Birth asphyxia is an insult to the fetus or newborn due to failure to breath or breathing poorly, leads to decrease oxygen perfusion to various organs. Birth asphyxia is a serious clinical problem worldwide. Perinatal hypoxia as a risk factor for psychopathology. Birth asphyxia is characterized by hypoxemia decreased paco2, hypercarbia increased paco2, and acidosis lowered ph.
Risk factors of birth asphyxia bivariate and multivariate analysis the risk of birth asphyxia among neonates born of primiparous mothers was 5. Dec 20, 2014 birth asphyxia is an insult to the fetus or newborn due to failure to breath or breathing poorly, leads to decrease oxygen perfusion to various organs. Also, the absence of any risk factors or having a protective factor does not necessarily guard you against getting asphyxia. Asphyxia neonatorum is a condition that occurs when a baby doesnt get enough oxygen during the birth process. Preterm delivery also emerged as one of the significant risk factor of birth asphyxia as reported in past studies 4,12. However, houndjahoue in mali, and kinoti, in east africa found that age less than 20 years, unemployment, and low level of education are other risk factors in addition to the marital status. Birth asphyxia is a serious clinical problem worldwide, accounting for about onefourth of the 4. In terms of gestasional age at birth, compared with those who had full term birth, those who hadpreterm birth had 3. Physiology of birth asphyxia page 2 of 5 october 2014 oxygenated blood using cpr, the resuscitator attempts to identify the problem and provide appropriate treatment. Maternal factors contributing to asphyxia neonatorum oxford.
Having a risk factor for asphyxia makes the chances of getting a condition higher but does not always lead to asphyxia. Prevalence and risk factors for perinatal asphyxia as seen. Prevalence and risk factors for perinatal asphyxia as seen at a specialist hospital in gusau, nigeria bilkisu garba ilah 1, muhammad sakajiki aminu 2, abdullahi musa 3, muyideen bimbo adelakun 1, akeem oladiran adeniji 1, taofik kolawole 1. Perinatal asphyxia has an incidence of 1 to 6 per 1,000 live fullterm births, and represents the third most common cause of neonatal death 23% after preterm birth 28% and severe infections 26%.
Research open access risk factors of birth asphyxia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors. Ppt birth asphyxia powerpoint presentation free to. There are many reasons a baby may not be able to take in enough oxygen before, during, or just after birth. However, a small number of children go on to develop patterns of brain damage which are then associated with disability. Introduction in 2004, a report, priority medicines for europe and the world, was written by warren kaplan and richard laing and published by the world health organization who. Particulate meconium was associated with encephalopathy in 9. Risk factors for perinatal asphyxia in newborns delivered at term. Study indicated that young maternal age 2025 years and primigravidity has been one of the main risk factors of developing birth asphyxia as mentioned in previous studies 4,11. Define perinatal asphyxia know the criteria to diagnose asphyxia define risk conditions that predispose the fetus and neonate to asphyxia prinatal asphyxia is an insult to the fetus. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of perinatal asphyxia in newborns seen in. A prospective study on intrapartum risk factors for birth. Intrapartum factors and neonatal factors in the index pregnancy have an association with perinatal birth.
There is a lack of evidence showing that maternal and neonatal factors play an important role in the occurrence of birth asphyxia. Risk factors of birth asphyxia among newborns in public. The risk of asphyxia may lower as the fetal chest passes through the birth canal vagina is compressed, squeezing excess fluid out of the lungs, which would be a risk for asphyxia. The frequency of hie after birth asphyxia was reported to be 1. Full text risk factors of birth asphyxia among neonates born in. Birth asphyxia asphyxia apgar score at 1 minute dec 20, 2014 in pakistan there is not much data available on the risk factors of birth asphyxia, hence studies are required to evaluate the risk factors of birth asphyxia so that interventions can be done to educate and guide people about the risk factors and management strategies.
Risk factors for birth asphyxia in an urban health facility. Birth asphyxia, defined as the failure to establish breathing or perfusion at birth, accounts for an estimated 900 000 deaths per year. In this study, maternal illiteracy, prim parous, low birth weight, preterm delivery and meconium stained amniotic fluid were the risk factors of birth. The aim of study was to identify risk factors of birth asphyxia among newborns in public hospitals of central zone tigray, ethiopia 2018. A total sample of 150 neonates was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 neonates with asphyxia and 1oo neonates without asphyxia. Birth asphyxia is the fifth largest cause of under5 child deaths 8. Research open access risk factors of birth asphyxia hafiz muhammad aslam1, shafaq saleem1, rafia afzal1, umair iqbal1, sehrish muhammad saleem2, muhammad waqas abid shaikh1 and nazish shahid1 abstract background. Perinatal asphyxia is the fifth largest cause of under5 deaths 8. Risk factors for birth asphyxia and brain damage in. Low birth, prematurity, and preeclampsia as risk factors of. Jul 20, 2018 the aim of study was to identify risk factors of birth asphyxia among newborns in public hospitals of central zone tigray, ethiopia 2018. Simple and appropriate, but scientifically sound, technology for the prevention of birth asphyxia is described. In the majority of cases the outcome in terms of brain damage and future development of the child is excellent. Prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia among.
Know the causes, symptoms, treatment of birth asphyxia. However, perinatal asphyxia has a high contribution to neonatal morbidity and mortality. The independent variables were low birth weight, preterm birth, and pre eclampsia. According to who, 4 million neonatal deaths occurred each year due to birth asphyxia. Full text risk factors of birth asphyxia among neonates. Prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia. Influence of maternal, obstetric and fetal risk factors on. Antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for perinatal. Asphyxia is a medical condition in which there is lack of oxygen in the body resulting in numerous complications. Birth asphyxia symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Vaginal bleeding was strongly associated with birth asphyxia in 34.
The aim of this study was to explore potential risk factors associated with birth asphyxia in resource poor settings in pakistan. All risk factors listed above play a role in asphyxia. Antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for perinatal asphyxia. Low socioeconomic level was the most important risk factor for anaemia among antenatal mothers. Early identification of high risk cases with improved antenatal and perinatal care can decrease such high mortality. In most developing countries, a small number of data are available on risk factors associated with perinatal asphyxia. Prematurity 18%, low birth weight 8%, and overt infection are much less common. Perinatal risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in valieasr hospital, tehraniran fatemeh nayeri1 m. Perinatal risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in valie. This finding is in line with other studies that reported chronic hypertension was found to be a risk factor for perinatal asphyxia in ethiopia, cameroon, and india. Risk factors for birth asphyxia mortality in a community. Asphyxiarelated risk factors and their timing in spastic cerebral palsy lf nielsen,a d schendel,b j grove,a d hvidtjorn,a b jacobsson,a,c t josiassen,a m vestergaard,d p uldall,e p thorsena a nanea, department of epidemiology, institute of public health, university of aarhus, aarhus, denmark b national center on birth defects and.
Low birth, prematurity, and preeclampsia as risk factors. The neonatal period is considered the highest risk period 1. Risk factors odds ratio confidence interval p value instrumental delivery 6. Birth asphyxia and associated factors among newborns delivered in. Risk factors for perinatal asphyxia in newborns delivered. Presenting pattern and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia. Risk factors of birth asphyxia has been divided into antepartum. Guideline physiology of birth asphyxia the newborn is not an adult, nor a child.
Perinatal asphyxia is a global neonatal problem which significantly contributes to both morbidity and mortality. Postresuscitation management of asphyxiated neonates. This type of asphyxia can occur during any month of the pregnancy, although it most commonly happens closer to the due date of the baby. Risk factors for birth asphyxia and brain damage in pregnancy. Perinatal hypoxia as a risk factor for psychopathology later in life. Alternative treatments or home remedies that have been listed in various sources as possibly beneficial for birth asphyxia may include. Physiology of birth asphyxia page 1 of 5 october 2014. Our goal was to evaluate antepartum, intrapartum, and fetal risk factors of birth asphyxia. Malaysian infant mortality diffentials, because socioeconomic development has very clearly had a diffential impact by ethnic group. The study was conducted in nganjuk hospital, east java, in july 2018. A gold standard definition of birth asphyxia does not exist. Postresuscitation management of asphyxiated neonates ramesh agarwal, ashish jain, ashok deorari, vinod k paul.
It is estimated that around 23% of all newborn deaths are caused by birth asphyxia, with a large proportion of these being stillbirths. Introduction sphyxia is a medical condition in which placental or pulmonary gas exchange is impaired or they cease. Birth asphyxia is an insult to the fetus or newborn due to failure to breath or breathing poorly, leads. Prevalence and risk factors for perinatal asphyxia as seen at. For general information and a list of risk factors, see the risk center. The objectire was to identify maternal risk factors for birth asphyxia, and took the form of a retrospective study orer 3 yean of 15,964 deliveries.
The 5minute apgar score is an unreliable indicator of birth asphyxia. Previously conducted studies identified various contributing factors of birth asphyxia such as antepartum risk factors i. This study was designed to asses the risk factors of birth asphyxia in. Risk factors of birth asphyxia majeed journal of ayub. Subsequently, we identify antepartum, intrapartum, and infant risk factors for birth asphyxia mortality in sarlahi, nepal, a lowresource setting where 90% of deliveries occur in the home. Perinatal asphyxia an overview sciencedirect topics. Many preconceptional, antepartum and intrapartum risk factors have been shown to be associated with perinatal asphyxia. Risk factors for birth asphyxia in an urban health. Uterine causes include prolonged labor and abnormal fetal presentations. Risk factors for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in children. Apr 27, 2019 perinatal asphyxia can be caused by several different factors, and these may differ depending on if the asphyxia occurs before, during, or after birth. Antepartum risk factors for birth asphyxia mortality included low paternal education, madeshi ethnicity, and primiparity. Risk factors associated with birth asphyxia in rural.
The influence of maternal, obstetric and fetal risk factors on the prevalence of birth asphyxia at term in a swedish urban population. Asphyxiarelated risk factors and their timing in spastic. Depression of the neonate at birth with a low apgar score and acidosis, 2. A baby who fails to initiate and sustain respiration at birth is at risk of hypoxic brain injury. Pdf antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for perinatal.
Discussion the overall incidence of birth asphyxia in this study was found to be 57 live births. Perinatal risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in valie asr. Perinatal asphyxia may result in fetal demise, neonatal death, or a period of recovery during which there is organ dysfunction with possible longterm effects, particularly in neurological function 1. Intrapartum risk factors included noncephalic presentation 20%, prolonged rupture of membranes 24% and various other complications. The evaluation of risk factors for asphyxia can help identify fetuses at risk, allowing proper reference within the health system, as well as the planning of assistance in the perinatal period in neonatal intensive care units, and the team of providence specializing in neonatal resuscitation. Clinical manifestations of perinatal asphyxia include 6. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy hie introduction birth asphyxia is a serious clinical problem worldwide. Intrapartum factors included malpresentation, mode of delivery, meconium stained amniotic fluid.
In people of all ages, death can occur from a failure of breathing and or circulation. Maternal causes include amnionitis, anemia, diabetes, pregnancyinduced hypertension, drugs, and infection. On multivariate analysis, risk factors significantly associated with asphyxia included prolonged second stage labor or 9. The chinese rates of infant mortality are significantly lower than the malay or intdian rates. Risk factors for birth asphyxia mortality in a communitybased. In contrast to adults, the need for resuscitation in newly born infants is almost always. Julniar m tasli, spak know the definition, risk factor, diagnosis and management of asphyxia neonatorum 1. It is the fifth largest cause of underfive mortality.
Adjusted relative risk rr estimates for antepartum, intrapartum, and infant risk factors for neonatal death from birth asphyxia. Signs of asphyxia at birth were independently associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, while the odds ratios were approximately the same when divided into slightor2. Risk factors for neonatal mortality due to birth asphyxia in. This finding is similar with studies conducted in pakistan and thailand 19, 21 presented that low birth weight was a risk factors of birth asphyxia. Damage to brain tissues is a serious complication of low oxygen that can cause seizures and other neurological problems. Birth weight was significant association to birth asphyxia.
Preeclampsia found to be associated significantly with increased risk of birth asphyxia 11. Risk factors associated with birth asphyxia in rural district. In pakistan there is not much data available on the risk factors of birth asphyxia, hence studies are required to evaluate the risk factors of birth asphyxia so that interventions can be done to educate and guide people about the risk factors and management strategies. The majority of these factors are avoidable by means of good perinatal care.
Improvement in antenatal and intrapartum care may be helpful in decreasing the frequency of this problem. When this condition strikes at birth, then it is termed as birth asphyxia. Mar 14, 2018 asphyxia neonatorum is a condition that occurs when a baby doesnt get enough oxygen during the birth process. Antepartum hemorrhage, oligohydrominos and fetal distress were reported as a risk factors of birth asphyxia in our study which were contrary to past studies 4,12. Intrapartum risk factors include malpresentation 15, 17, 21, prolonged second stage of labour 15,16,22, home delivery,18, obstructed. We have studied risk factors for perinatal asphyxia among babies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and compared them with matched controls. Risk factors of birth asphyxia among newborns in public hospitals of. Another contributing factor for perinatal asphyxia was neonatal birth weight. Antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for perinatal asphyxia curr peditr res 20 volume 17 issue 2 121 table 2. Birth asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns in. In this condition, the baby when born does not receive enough oxygen to the brain and other vital organs of the body. Risk factors of birth asphyxia in community and hospital based settings in developing countries have been categorized into demographic, antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal risk factors presented in table 1.